Flutter is an open-source mobile application development framework created by Google. It is used to build high-performance, visually attractive, and natively compiled mobile applications for both iOS and Android platforms from a single codebase.

Flutter uses the Dart programming language, which was also created by Google. Dart is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax.

Some of the key features of Flutter include: cross-platform development, fast development and performance, reactive programming, and a rich set of pre-built widgets and tools.

Unlike other frameworks that use a bridge to communicate with the native platform, Flutter compiles its own high-performance, optimized code to the target platform's native ARM code, allowing for better performance and a more native look and feel.

Dart is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected programming language with C-style syntax. It was created by Google and is used as the primary language for building Flutter applications.

The Flutter SDK is a software development kit that includes the necessary tools and libraries to build, test, and compile Flutter applications. It includes the Dart VM, Dart SDK, and a collection of pre-built widgets and tools.

The Flutter framework is the core set of libraries and tools that enable the development of high-performance, visually attractive, and natively compiled mobile applications for both iOS and Android platforms.

The Flutter engine is the core runtime that powers Flutter applications. It is responsible for rendering the UI, handling input and events, and managing the application lifecycle.

The Flutter Dart VM is a high-performance virtual machine that executes Dart code. It is responsible for running the Dart code and managing the memory and execution of the application.

The Flutter Widgets library is a collection of pre-built, customizable UI components that can be used to build Flutter applications. It includes a wide range of widgets for various UI elements, such as buttons, text, images, and layouts.

The Flutter Rendering engine is responsible for efficiently rendering the UI of a Flutter application. It uses a custom rendering pipeline that is optimized for high-performance and smooth animations.

The Flutter Compositor is a key component of the Flutter engine that is responsible for compositing the various UI elements and rendering them on the screen. It uses a modern graphics API, such as OpenGL or Metal, to efficiently render the UI.

The Flutter Dart Async library is a set of classes and functions that provide support for asynchronous programming in Dart. It includes features like Futures, Streams, and Isolates, which are essential for building responsive and scalable Flutter applications.

The Flutter Hot Reload feature allows developers to quickly and easily update their applications while they are running, without the need to restart the entire application. This enables a fast and iterative development workflow.

Flutter Platform Channels are a way for Flutter applications to communicate with the underlying native platform (iOS or Android). They allow Flutter to access native platform-specific functionality, such as sensors, GPS, and device features.

Flutter provides several state management solutions, such as Provider, Bloc, and Riverpod, that help developers manage the state of their applications in a scalable and maintainable way. These solutions promote a separation of concerns and improve the overall architecture of the application.

Flutter provides a built-in dependency injection system that allows developers to manage the dependencies of their application in a structured and testable way. This helps to improve the overall modularity and testability of the codebase.

The Flutter Navigator is a widget that provides a way to manage the navigation stack of a Flutter application. It allows developers to push and pop routes, as well as pass data between routes, enabling a smooth and intuitive user experience.

Flutter provides a rich set of gesture recognizers that allow developers to handle user input and interactions, such as taps, swipes, and pinch-to-zoom. These gesture recognizers are integrated with the Flutter rendering engine to provide a seamless and responsive user experience.

Flutter has a powerful animation system that allows developers to create smooth and visually appealing animations. The animation system is built on top of the Flutter rendering engine and provides a declarative API for defining and controlling animations.